對(duì)很多父母來(lái)說(shuō)，網(wǎng)上曬娃的萌照是艱辛的養(yǎng)娃過(guò)程中難得的樂(lè)趣之一。
不過(guò)最近，美國(guó)女星格溫妮絲⋅帕特洛(Gwyneth Paltrow)在網(wǎng)上曬出一張自己與女兒艾坡(Apple)的同框照后，卻引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)父母該不該不經(jīng)孩子許可就隨意曬娃 的爭(zhēng)論。
這張引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議的曬娃照是這樣的：
(Via Instagram)
盡管艾坡的臉被太陽(yáng)鏡遮了大半，可還是遭到了艾坡的抗議 ：
"Sharenting" - the act of parents sharing news and pictures of their kids online - is in the news after Gwyneth Paltrow posted a picture of her and her 14-year-old daughter Apple Martin skiing.
格溫妮絲⋅帕特洛曬出一張和她14歲女兒艾坡⋅馬丁的滑雪合照后，“曬娃”——父母在網(wǎng)上分享他們孩子的信息和照片的行為——成了新聞。
More than 150,000 people liked the picture, but Apple wasn't so impressed, writing (from her private Instagram account): "Mom we have discussed this. You may not post anything without my consent."
超過(guò)15萬(wàn)網(wǎng)友給照片點(diǎn)了贊，卻沒(méi)有打動(dòng)艾坡。她在自己的Instagram賬號(hào)上寫(xiě)道：“媽媽，我們已經(jīng)討論過(guò)這個(gè)了。你不可以在沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)我同意的情況下曬我的任何東西。”
Paltrow replied: "You can't even see your face!"
帕特洛回復(fù)道：“你都看不到你的臉!”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
當(dāng)父母的都能理解帕特洛的這個(gè)舉動(dòng)，誰(shuí)不為自家的小可愛(ài)感到驕傲，想要曬一曬、求個(gè)贊 呢?
因此，許多帕特洛的粉絲都站在媽媽這一邊 ，認(rèn)為作為母親，她有權(quán)分享自己女兒的照片。不過(guò)，也有網(wǎng)友認(rèn)為，孩子也有自己的隱私權(quán) 。
生長(zhǎng)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的孩子，從小對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隱私保護(hù)的敏感度要比成人高得多 。不過(guò)，很多社交媒體規(guī)定，用戶注冊(cè)必須達(dá)到一定的年齡 。因此，一旦孩子可以在社交媒體上注冊(cè)自己的賬號(hào)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的隱私和照片早已被父母鋪天蓋地地散播了出去的時(shí)候 ，有多么不爽。
BBC最近就采訪到一位名叫Konrad Iturbe的西班牙軟件開(kāi)發(fā)員?，F(xiàn)年19歲的Iturbe在14歲的時(shí)候才意識(shí)到他的父母一直在網(wǎng)上曬自己的照片。
Konrad Iturbe (via BBC)
"My mother had Instagram before I even had a phone - so I wasn't aware that photos of me had been published," he told the BBC.
“在我擁有自己的手機(jī)前，我母親就有了Instagram賬號(hào)——因此，我一直都不知道她在發(fā)布我的照片，”他告訴BBC。
"I really don't like photos of me online anyway - I don't even post photos of myself on my Instagram account - so when I followed my mother and saw them on her profile, I told her to 'take this down, I've not given you permission'."
“我真的不喜歡自己的照片被放到網(wǎng)上——我自己都不在Instagram賬號(hào)上曬我的照片——因此當(dāng)我關(guān)注了我母親，在她的賬號(hào)上發(fā)現(xiàn)我的照片時(shí)，我告訴她‘把它們撤下來(lái)，我沒(méi)有同意過(guò)你曬我照片’。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
他感覺(jué)他母親的行為侵犯了他的隱私 ，而特別讓他困擾的是，他母親發(fā)了很多他小時(shí)候的照片。Iturbe并不想他小時(shí)候的照片被分享，身為軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員，他非常擔(dān)憂的是，運(yùn)用面部識(shí)別算法，即便他長(zhǎng)大了，人們也能通過(guò)他小時(shí)候的照片在網(wǎng)上追蹤到他 。
14歲的美國(guó)女孩Sonia Bokhari有著同樣的煩惱。當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)她母親在臉書(shū)上曬她照片長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年后，感到非常尷尬和深深的背叛 。
"There, for anyone to see on her public Facebook account, were all of the embarrassing moments from my childhood: the letter I wrote to the tooth fairy when I was five years old, pictures of me crying when I was a toddler, and even vacation pictures of me when I was 12 and 13 that I had no knowledge of."
“在她那個(gè)人人都能看得到的臉書(shū)賬號(hào)上，盡是我從小到大令人尷尬的時(shí)刻：我5歲時(shí)候?qū)懡o牙齒仙女的信，我還在學(xué)步時(shí)候的大哭的照片，甚至我12，13歲時(shí)候度假的照片，我都不知道她什么時(shí)候拍下的。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
當(dāng)然，也有對(duì)父母的“曬娃”行為毫不介意 的孩子。23歲的倫敦姑娘Charlotte Christy說(shuō)，她的母親從她13歲開(kāi)始就在臉書(shū)上曬她的照片，不過(guò)，她個(gè)人認(rèn)為這種行為再正常不過(guò)了 。
Charlotte Christy (via BBC)
"I feel like we live in a society where everyone wants their photos to be really flattering - but if my mum posts an unflattering photo of me it doesn't really bother me."
“我覺(jué)得我們生活的這個(gè)社會(huì)，每個(gè)人都希望他們的照片出挑——不過(guò)，假如我媽媽曬了一張我的不怎么樣的照片，那也不會(huì)對(duì)我造成困擾。”
"I think I share photos of my mum just as much as she shares photos of me - I think it's a natural thing to share and I don't see why she should ask for my permission - she's my mum."
“我曬我媽的照片，和我媽曬我的照片一樣多——我覺(jué)得曬照片再自然不過(guò)了，我不認(rèn)為她有必要征得我的許可——她是我媽媽。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
那孩子們對(duì)父母“曬娃”行為的顧慮有沒(méi)有必要呢?
愛(ài)沙尼亞塔爾圖大學(xué)(University of Tartu)媒體研究領(lǐng)域的教授Andra Siibak就進(jìn)行過(guò)多項(xiàng)關(guān)于“曬娃”行為的研究。
In one study involving Estonian children aged nine to 13, she found that children liked "parents sharing positive things about them", but that "there were big discrepancies between what children and parents considered to be nice photos".
在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)愛(ài)沙尼亞9到13歲孩子的研究中，她發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們喜歡“父母曬他們積極一面的照片”，不過(guò)，“什么樣的照片算好看，孩子和父母存在巨大分歧”。
"Children were not in favour of parents sharing unflattering visuals of them - for example, if their hair was messed up or they were wearing a dress they didn't actually like."
“孩子們不喜歡父母分享他們不討人喜歡的形象——比如，他們亂糟糟的頭發(fā)，或者他們穿著自己并不喜歡的裙子的照片”。
"In many contexts the parents would not consider those things to be a big problem, but for the pre-teens this could affect their self-image" or potentially lead to cyber-bullying.
“很多情況下，父母并不認(rèn)為那樣的照片有什么大不了，但對(duì)9到13歲年齡段的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，這種照片可能影響他們的自我形象”，或者有招致網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Another potential risk from "sharenting" is "digital kidnapping", Prof Siibak says, where strangers take publicly available photos of children, and use them for fraudulent or sexual purposes.
Siibak教授說(shuō)，“曬娃”的另一個(gè)潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是“數(shù)字綁架”。陌生人可以拿這些公開(kāi)的孩子的照片進(jìn)行欺詐或用于性目的。
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
想想也是，當(dāng)父母在曬著寶寶們“出丑 ”的照片，或者萌萌的光屁股 寶寶照的時(shí)候，有沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)寶寶們的感受 呢?成人眼中的“可愛(ài)”，或許對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)是一種“傷害”，才丁點(diǎn)大的孩子也是有自我意識(shí)和自尊心的!
因此，Siibak教授建議父母“絕對(duì) ”應(yīng)當(dāng)更嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)待孩子的隱私問(wèn)題。
"Just having a simple discussion that involves children on what kind of photos they like, and if it's ok to upload them, helps build a better parent-child relationship."
“只要和孩子進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的討論，了解他們喜歡什么樣的照片，以及是否可以把他們的照片上傳網(wǎng)絡(luò)，就可以建立更好的親子關(guān)系。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
英國(guó)曾經(jīng)有一份調(diào)查顯示，英國(guó)父母每年在網(wǎng)上曬出他們5歲以下孩子的照片多達(dá)200張 。而這些公開(kāi)的照片塑造的孩子形象 不見(jiàn)得是孩子們樂(lè)于示人的，也不見(jiàn)得真實(shí)地反映了孩子真正的自我。
A recent study by Nominet, which handles the UK's .uk domain name registry, found parents post nearly 200 photos of their under fives online every year.
處理英國(guó)的域名注冊(cè)的Nominet公司，最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)父母每年發(fā)布近200張5歲以下孩子的照片。
This means that a child will feature in about 1,000 online photos before their fifth birthday.
這就意味著，在孩子滿5歲時(shí)，他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上的照片有大約1000張。
This new norm means many children will have a powerful digital identity created by someone else.
這個(gè)新常態(tài)意味著許多孩子擁有強(qiáng)大的數(shù)字身份，而這個(gè)身份是別人幫他們建立的。
This process can be likened to the manufacturing of celebrity identities, where parents can potentially shape the public persona of their child in any way they want: child genius, disobedient, fashionista, fussy eater and so on.
這個(gè)過(guò)程和制造名人人設(shè)的過(guò)程相類似，父母可以以任何他們想要的方式塑造他們孩子的公眾形象：兒童天才，不聽(tīng)話的小調(diào)皮，時(shí)尚小達(dá)人，挑食小鬼等等。
How do you think your own mum or dad might shape your online identity? Do you think it would be an accurate portrayal of who you are?
你怎么看你父母給你塑造的這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)形象呢?你認(rèn)為他們準(zhǔn)確地描繪了你真實(shí)的形象嗎?
▲Social media: Think again before you post those pics of your kids (via abc.net.au)
因此在法國(guó)，政府早就開(kāi)始在法律上限制父母的“曬娃”行為 。
The French Government earlier this year warned parents to stop posting images of their children on social media networks.
法國(guó)政府今年早些時(shí)候警告父母，停止在社交媒體發(fā)布他們孩子的照片。
Under France's rigorous privacy laws, parents could face penalties of up to a year in prison and a fine of 45,000 euros if convicted of publicising intimate details of their children without their consent.
在法國(guó)嚴(yán)格的隱私法框架下，假如在未經(jīng)孩子許可的情況下宣傳孩子私密信息而被判刑，父母可能面臨最高1年的刑期以及45000歐元的罰款。
▲Social media: Think again before you post those pics of your kids (via abc.net.au)
而在Quora上，就有人問(wèn)過(guò)孩子是如何看待他們父母在臉書(shū)和Ins上曬他們照片的問(wèn)題。很多人認(rèn)為，對(duì)這種行為，仁者見(jiàn)仁，智者見(jiàn)智 。
(Via Quora)
@Lipa Dempsey
My parents would always do this, without my knowledge until years later when I got my own Facebook account. Because of this I became very camera shy, and resistant to letting my parents take pictures of me.
我父母總是做這種事，我一直不知情，直到很多年后，我有了自己的臉書(shū)賬號(hào)才知道。就因?yàn)檫@，我變得非常害怕照相，也抵觸我父母給我照相。
However, I do have some friends who didn’t mind when their parents posted pictures of them on Facebook. Depends on the individual, but I never liked it.
不過(guò)，我確實(shí)有一些朋友不介意他們父母在臉書(shū)上曬他們的照片。這取決于個(gè)人，但我永遠(yuǎn)不喜歡這樣。
@Kieran Wong
My parents sometimes share my photos online. They aren't the oversharing kind, though. I don't really mind, as long as they show me the photo first and get my approval.
我父母有時(shí)會(huì)在網(wǎng)上分享我的照片，但他們不是那種過(guò)分分享照片的父母。我不怎么介意，只要他們事先告知我會(huì)分享什么照片并經(jīng)過(guò)我的同意。
As long as my parents respect my wishes about whether the photo should be posted online or not, and that they don't post too many photos, I don't really matter. If I look okay in the picture, sure! If not, don’t post it.
只要我父母尊重我的意愿，事先詢問(wèn)我是否可以上網(wǎng)分享我的照片，而且也不要分享太多，我真的不介意。如果我在照片上看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，當(dāng)然可以分享。如果不是，那就別分享。
Besides, when I see my parent’s social media accounts, I can see how much I've grown up and the things I did in the past, and other people’s comments as well.
另外，當(dāng)我看到我父母的社交媒體賬號(hào)時(shí)，我可以看到我長(zhǎng)大了，以及我過(guò)去做過(guò)的事情，還有別人的評(píng)論。
你怎么看父母在社交媒體上的曬娃行為？ 歡迎留言分享你的觀點(diǎn)！
整合：Du Qiongfang
資料：BBC, abc.net.au, Quora
圖/題圖：Instagram, BBC, Quora
